Technicalities:
The Administrative Branch of our Government
The U.S.
Constitution provided our government with a system of checks and balances. The Legislative Branch (Congress); the
Executive Branch (the President) and the Judicial Branch.
These rules and
regulations are added to the original Public Laws that are published in the
United States Code which is basically an index of statues. However, the passage of a public law is only
the beginning.
However during
WWI, Franklin D. Roosevelt contrived and put into motion the fourth branch of
government in the name of “efficiency.”
The administrative agencies have risen in power and are accountable to
their own rules of governance.
The Federal Register, abbreviated
FR or sometimes Fed. Reg. contains government agency
rules, proposed rules and public notices.
The final rules are written and published by a federal agency and
ultimately codified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
We often read
that President Obama has made this or that executive order when technically, the writer is referring to a rule, regulation or presidential
document that is published in the Federal Register. Seldom are original source documents given in such articles.
I have provided
the information below in case you want to research a matter further. This list is far from comprehensive. If interested, you can search the federal
register for more information.
PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS
Syria to
alleviate the current refugee crisis, as well as other …
A Presidential
Document by the Executive
Office of the President on 11/18/2015
… the
contributions of immigrants and refugees who start a business, and …
A Presidential
Document by the Executive
Office of the President on 11/03/2015
… 29, 2015
Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2016 … during
FY 2016 with Federal refugee resettlement assistance under the Amerasian …
numbers shall be allocated among refugees of special humanitarian concern to …
during FY 2016 with Federal refugee resettlement assistance under section 584 …
… with better
integrating immigrants and refugees into American communities. The Task …
A Presidential
Document by the Executive
Office of the President on 09/21/2015
… to ensure the
protection of refugees and other displaced persons, and …
A Presidential
Document by the Executive
Office of the President on 12/12/2014
… and Fully
Integrating Immigrants and Refugees Memorandum for the Heads of … every day,
including 3 million refugees who have resettled here since … , we can help
immigrants and refugees in the United States contribute …
A Presidential
Document by the Executive
Office of the President on 11/26/2014
… 30, 2014
Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2015 … during
FY 2015 with Federal refugee resettlement assistance under the Amerasian …
numbers shall be allocated among refugees of special humanitarian concern to …
during FY 2015 with Federal refugee resettlement assistance under section 584 …
A Presidential
Document by the Executive
Office of the President on 11/21/2014
Creating
Welcoming Communities and Fully Integrating Immigrants and Refugees
A
Presidential Document by the Executive Office of the President on 11/26/2014
Modernizing
and Streamlining the U.S. Immigrant Visa System for the 21st Century
A
Presidential Document by the Executive order of the President on 11/26/2014
https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/11/26/2014-28195/modernizing-and-streamlining-the-us-immigrant-visa-system-for-the-21st-century?utm_content=next&utm_medium=PrevNext&utm_source=Article
… May 19, 2014
Unexpected Urgent Refugee and Migration Needs Relating to … from the United
States Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund, for … purpose of
meeting unexpected urgent refugee and migration needs resulting from … of the
Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration of the Department …
A Presidential
Document by the Executive
Office of the President on 05/29/2014
… during FY 2014
with Federal refugee resettlement assistance under the Amerasian … numbers
shall be allocated among refugees of special humanitarian concern to … during
FY 2014 with Federal refugee resettlement assistance under section 584 … , if
otherwise qualified, be considered refugees for the purpose of admission …
A Presidential
Document by the Executive
Office of the President on 10/21/2013
Here is how they do it. The federal agency posts a notice of a proposed rule in the Federal Register.
There should be a period for public comments.
Usually there is a folder where you can read the comments.
Sometimes the comment period will be extended.
After the entire procedure is exhausted, the regulation will become a Final Rule.
http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/tutorial/online-html.html
http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/tutorial/online-html.html
Below is the latest example:
PROPOSED RULE
PUBLIC
COMMENTS WILL BE ACCEPTED UNTIL NOVEMBER 12, 2015
SUMMARY
(Excerpts)
This public notice provides information on how to apply for the DV–2017 Program
and is issued pursuant to 22 CFR 42.33(b)(3), implementing sections 201(a)(3),
201(e), 203(c), and 204(a)(1)(I) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended,
(8 U.S.C. 1151, 1153, and 1154(a)(1)(I)).
The
Congressionally-mandated Diversity
Immigrant Visa Program is administered
annually by the Department of State. Section 203(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)
provides for a class of immigrants known as ‘‘diversity immigrants’’ from countries with historically low rates of immigration
to the United States. For Fiscal Year
2017, 50,000 Diversity Visas (DVs) will be available. There is no cost to register for the DV program.
List
of Countries/+Areas by Region Whose
Natives Are Eligible for DV– 2017 The list below shows the countries whose natives are eligible for DV–2017, grouped
by geographic region. Dependent areas overseas are included within the region
of the governing country. The countries whose natives are not eligible for the
DV–2017 program were identified by USCIS, according to the formula in Section 203(c)
of the INA. The countries whose natives are not eligible for the DV program
(because they are the principal source countries of Family-Sponsored and
Employment-Based immigration or ‘‘high-admission’’ countries) are noted after
the respective regional lists.
AFRICA
Algeria
Lesotho
Angola
Liberia
Benin
Libya
Botswana
Madagascar
Burkina
Faso
Malawi
Burundi
Mali
Cameroon
Mauritania
Cape
Verde
Mauritius
Central
African Republic
Morocco
Chad
Mozambique
Comoros
Namibia
Congo
Niger
Congo,
Democratic Republic of the
Rwanda
Cote
D’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
Sao
Tome and Principe
Djibouti
Senegal
Egypt
* Seychelles
Equatorial
Guinea
Sierra
Leone
Eritrea
Somalia
Ethiopia
South
Africa
Gabon
South
Sudan
Gambia,
The
Sudan
Ghana
Swaziland
Guinea
Tanzania
Guinea-Bissau
Togo
Kenya
Tunisia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
*
Persons born in the areas administered prior to June 1967 by Israel, Jordan,
Syria, and Egypt are chargeable, respectively, to Israel, Jordan, Syria, and
Egypt. Persons born in the Gaza Strip are chargeable to Egypt; persons born in
the West Bank are chargeable to Jordan; persons born in the Golan Heights are
chargeable to Syria. In Africa, natives of Nigeria are not eligible for this
year’s Diversity Program.
ASIA
Afghanistan
Maldives
Bahrain
Mongolia
Bhutan
Nepal
Brunei
North
Korea
Burma
Oman
Cambodia
Qatar
Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region **
Saudi
Arabia
Indonesia
Singapore
Iran
Sri
Lanka
Iraq
Syria *
Israel
* Taiwan **
Japan
Thailand
Jordan
* Timor-Leste
Kuwait
United
Arab Emirates
Laos
Yemen
Lebanon
Malaysia
*
Persons born in the areas administered prior to June 1967 by Israel, Jordan,
Syria, and Egypt are chargeable, respectively, to Israel, Jordan, Syria, and
Egypt. Persons born in the Gaza Strip are chargeable to Egypt; persons born in
the West Bank are chargeable to Jordan; persons born in the Golan Heights are
chargeable to Syria.
**
Natives of the following Asia Region countries are not eligible for this year’s
Diversity Program: Bangladesh, China (mainland-born), India, Pakistan, South
Korea, Philippines, and Vietnam. Hong Kong S.A.R. (Asia region), Macau S.A.R.
(Europe region), and Taiwan (Asia region) do qualify and are listed here.
EUROPE
Albania
Lithuania
Andorra
Luxembourg
Armenia
Macau
Special Administrative Region **
Austria
Macedonia
Azerbaijan
Malta
Belarus
Moldova
Belgium
Monaco
Bosnia
and Herzegovina
Montenegro
Bulgaria
Netherlands
(including components and dependent areas overseas)
Croatia
Northern
Ireland
**
Cyprus
Norway
Czech
Republic
Poland
Denmark
(including components and dependent areas overseas) Portugal (including
components and dependent areas overseas)
Estonia
Romania
Finland
Russia
France
(including components and dependent areas overseas) San Marino
Georgia
Serbia
Germany
Slovakia
Greece
Slovenia
Hungary
Spain
Iceland
Sweden
Ireland
Switzerland
Italy
Tajikistan
Kazakhstan
Turkey
Kosovo
Turkmenistan
Kyrgyzstan
Ukraine
Latvia
Uzbekistan
Liechtenstein
Vatican City
**
Natives of the following European countries are not eligible for this year’s DV
program: Great Britain (United Kingdom). Great Britain (United Kingdom)
includes the following dependent areas: Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin
Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn, St.
Helena, and Turks and Caicos Islands. Note that for purposes of the diversity
program only, Northern Ireland is treated separately; Northern Ireland does
qualify and is listed among the qualifying areas.
Macau
S.A.R. does qualify and is listed above.
NORTH
AMERICA
The
Bahamas
In
North America, natives of Canada and Mexico are not eligible for this year’s
Diversity Program.
OCEANIA
Australia
(including components and dependent areas overseas) Papua New Guinea
Fiji
Solomon
Islands
Kiribati
Tonga
Marshall
Islands
Tuvalu
Micronesia,
Federated States of Nauru
Vanuatu
New
Zealand (including components and dependent areas overseas) Samoa
Palau
SOUTH
AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN
Antigua
and Barbuda
Honduras
Argentina
Nicaragua
Barbados
Panama
Belize
Paraguay
Bolivia
Saint
Kitts and Nevis
Chile
Saint
Lucia
Costa
Rica
Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines
Cuba
Suriname
Dominica
Trinidad
and Tobago
Grenada
Uruguay
Guatemala
Venezuela
DEPARTMENT
OF STATE
[Public
Notice: 9316]
30-Day
Notice of Proposed Information
Collection:
Six DDTC Information
Collections
ACTION:
Notice of request for public comments.
SUMMARY
The
Department of State is seeking Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approval
for the information collections described below. In accordance with the Paperwork
Reduction Act of 1995, we are requesting comments on these collections from all
interested individuals and organizations. The purpose of this notice is to
allow 30 days for public comment preceding submission of the collections to
OMB.
DATE
(S):
The Department
will accept comments from the public until November 12, 2015.
ADDRESSES
Direct
comments to the Department of State Desk
Officer in the Office of Information and
Regulatory
Affairs
at the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB). You may submit comments by the following methods:
Email:
oira_submission@omb.eop.gov.
You
must include the DS form number, information collection title, and the OMB
control number in the subject line of your message. •
Fax:
202–395–5806.
Attention:
Desk Officer for Department of State.
FOR
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Direct
requests for additional information to Mr. Glenn Smith, PM/DDTC, SA–1, 12th
Floor, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls, Bureau of Political-Military
Affairs, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC 20522–0112, who may be
reached via phone at (202) 663–2737, or via email at smithge2@state.gov.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
PLEASE
NOTE that the Visa process is often abused.
Immigrants and refugees can and do originate from one country, but enter
the United States via another.
